Restoration & Preservation of Architectural Heritages

The topic of this plan is the conflict between the modernization of Beijing and the preservation of its cultural heritage. Over the past decade, rapid development has lead to a remarkable improvement in the quality of life for many citizens. At the same time, however, much of the historic urban fabric of the capital has been lost. Major roads now bisect ancient neighborhoods, whilst in many areas, recent redevelopment has wiped out the subtle architectural texture and spatial arrangement of the preceding centuries. The atmospheric Hutong lanes, the traditional residential homes, and the Si-He-Yuan courtyard houses - all are fast disappearing as the city races forwards into the 21st century. In recent years, the government has placed a number of Hutong lanes under protection, but what exactly this protection means is not clear. Many Beijing people are now concerned that, at the current rate, redevelopment will soon engulf and destroy the ancient courtyard houses forever. Groups and committees have formed to debate many of the practical issues surrounding redevelopment and conservation.
Can a city the size of Beijing afford to have one-storey housing at its centre? Aren’t the courtyard houses much too dilapidated, and lacking in comfort, to be saved? How can the local resident community be protected from relocation? How can rights of ownership be balanced against the needs of commercial redevelopment?
Whilst these questions are being discussed, the re-development goes relentlessly on.
Many cities worldwide have found that rehabilitation, rather than re-development, of historic urban districts brings considerable benefits. This plan sets out to demonstrate that rehabilitation is also suitable for Beijing. The opinions of residents have been carefully researched and integrated into the plan. Some of the solutions proposed are self-contained, and could be used for the rehabilitation of individual courtyard houses. In order to preserve the character of a historic Beijing neighborhood, however, a larger cluster of Hutong neighborhoods must be targeted. This must be done with considerable urgency before the incursion
of more major roads destroys the Hutongs’ original urban context. The value of the Hutong lies in the spatial arrangement as much or more than in the architecture of the individual courtyard house. Therefore, concerned parties must be very clear from the outset about which remaining quarters of historic Beijing they intend to preserve.
Beijing is one of the world’s most important historical cities, with a unique ambience balancing ancient and modern. Having reached this point of balance, Beijing planners must surely pause for thought. It would indeed be a great loss if this ancient capital were to become just another face-less mega-city.