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SCHOOL OF LAW -  ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY

LLM (Human Rights and Justice) & M.A (Human Rights and Security)

COURSE OUTLINE FOR PHILOSOPHY AND THEORIES OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Course Code: MHJ 612 & MHS 612

Course Outline Prepared: Dr. Sam

Course Description

This course is concerned with the history and theory of the modern human rights regime. The discussion of the present will lead us to wonder when, where, and for whom human rights and, for that matter, humanitarianism provide actual solutions to real-life problems and what these problems might be. The course also explores the passions that motivated people to pursue human rights and the empathy that led them to uproot injustice and what this passion did and did not achieve. It will thus give a solid grounding in the philosophical underpinning of human rights as well as an overview of some of the current debates in the philosophy of human rights by examining the universality, justifications and criticism of human rights.

Course Objective:

After completing this course, the student will be able to:

  • Describe the historical background of the concept of human rights.
  • Demonstrate knowledge of the view of human rights in the different historical time
  • Analyze and critically reflect on philosophical aspect concerning the background to and development of the present-day human rights regime.
  • Critically analyze political, policy and moral issues using a human rights framework

UNIT ONE: INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN RIGHTS

1.1. Definition and Meaning of human rights

1.2. Characteristics of Human Rights

1.3. Generations of Human Rights

1.4. Development of the Concept of Human Rights

 UNIT TWO: NATURAL RIGHTS AND NATURAL LAW THEORY

2.1. The notion of Natural Rights and Natural Law

2.2. Natural Law as Source of Justice and Virtue – political thoughts by Socrates, Plato and Aristotle

2.3. Natural Law as a Reason by Cicero and Seneca,

2.4. Natural Law as Morality by Augustine of Hippo and St. Thomas Aquinas,

2.5. Nature of Man by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke

2.6. Kelsen’s Criticism on Natural Law Theory

UNIT THREE: PHILOSOPHIES OF HUMAN RIGHTS

3.1.   Western Philosophy of Human Rights

3.1.1   The Human Rights thoughts influenced by Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume, Thomas Paine and John Stuart Mill

3.1.2  A theory of Justice by John Rowls

3.1.3. Louis Henkin - “Rights of Man Today”

3.1.3. Social contract  and  Reciprocity

3.2. Critiques of Human Rights Philosophy

3.2.1. Edmund Burke on Natural Rights

3.2.2. Jeremy Bentham on natural rights

3.2.3. Marxist Critique of Human Rights

3.2.4. Alasdair MacIntyre on Human Rights

3.3. Soviet concept of Human rights and the legal system;

3.4. The relevance of Human Rights in Gandhian Philosophy – an analysis.

3.5. Confucius philosophy: Confusion Human rights ideas and their influence on modern human rights thought.

3.6. Human rights in Africa

 

UNIT FOUR: THEOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON HUMAN RIGHTS

4.1. Christian reflections on Human rights;

4.2. Islamic principles of Human rights;

4.3. Theological reflections on Human rights in Hinduism,

4.4. Human rights and Buddhism,

4.5. Human rights  and Sikhism  

UNIT FIVE: HUMAN RIGHTS THEORY

5.1. Interest and will theory

5.2. Maslow's Human Need Theory.

5.3. Ipso Facto Legal Rights Theory (by that very fact)

5.4. Man for Man Theory of World Peace

5.5. Contractual Theory: (Thomas Hobbes)

 

UNIT SIX:  CONTEMPORARY IDEA OF HUMAN RIGHTS

6.1. Modern perspectives on human rights

6.2. Constructing human rights: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

6.3. Human rights and cultural relativism

UNIT SEVEN: LEGAL SOURCES OF HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

7.1. International  Human Rights Conventions

7.2. International Custom and Human rights

7.3.  General principles of law and its application in Human rights law

7.4. Subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law and Human rights

 

Evaluation: Term papers, presentation and final examination

Reference materials

1.      Forsythe ,David P , Human Rights in International Relations,New York, Cambridge University Press,

2.      Bauman Z.Postmodern Ethics. Cambridge, Basil Blackwell, Cambridge University Press, 1993

3.      Nickel, James. “Human Rights.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

4.      David Boersema , Philosophy of Human Rights; Theory and Practice, Westview Press, 2011

5.      Aakash Singh Rathore, Alex Cistelecan, Wronging Rights?: Philosophical Challenges for Human Rights,2011


Self enrolment (Student)